It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of. thousands of everyday perceptions , the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.

　　Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involving any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.

　　Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100，000 “ words” ——ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100，000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.

　　The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings.

　　A large part of a person‘ s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.

　　1. According to the passage, memory is considered to be

　　A. the basis for decision making and problem solving

　　B. an ability to store experiences for future use

　　C. an intelligence typically possessed by human beings

　　D. the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words

　　2. The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of a human being shows that

　　A. the computer‘ s memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenager’ s

　　B. the computer‘ s memory capacity is much smaller that an adult human being’ s

　　C. the computer‘ s memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenager’ s

　　D. both A and B

　　3. The whole passage implies that

　　A. only human beings have problem-solving intelligence

　　B. a person‘ s memory is different from a computer’ s in every respect

　　C. animals are able to solve only very simple problems

　　D. animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence

　　4. The phrase “in terms of” in the last sentence can best be replaced by

　　A. “in connection with”

　　B. “expressed by”

　　C. “consisting”

　　D. “by means of”

　　5. The topic of the passage is：

　　A. What would life be like without memory ?

　　B. Memory is of vital importance to life.

　　C. How is a person‘ s memory different from an animal’ s or a computer‘ s?

　　D. What is contained in memory ?

　　【答案】B C C B B

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